轴-轴承系统动力学摩擦学弹性力学耦合分析

采用动力学仿真软件ADAMS和有限元分析软件ANSYS,结合手工编程的方法,研究了变载荷作用下轴-轴承系统动力学、摩擦学、弹性力学(轴的刚度和强度)耦合分析问题,重点讨论正弦载荷作用下轴-轴承系统的共振响应和考虑动态油膜压力分布时的轴颈表面动应力计算。计算结果表明,动应力在轴颈表面沿轴向和周向的分布与油膜压力沿轴向和周向的分布密切相关;动应力随时间的变化与轴-轴承系统的动力学响应密切相关。     

农网电力负荷中期预测方法探讨

电力负荷中期预测是指未来3～5年的负荷预测,是制定电力系统发展规划的基础,也是规划工作的重要组成部分,其目的是为合理地安排电源和电网建设进度提供宏观决策的依据,使电力建设满足国民经济增长和人民生活水平提高的需要。为此,通过对各种预测方法及特点的分析比较,得出用灰色模型预测方法作为农网电力负荷中期预测的方法,且该方法所需原始数据少、误差小、精度高。     

Estimation of Runoff,Peak Discharge and Sediment Load at the Event Scale in a Medium‐Size Mediterranean Watershed Using the Annagnps Model

In this paper, the Annualized Agricultural Non‐Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model has been used to estimate runoff, peak discharge and sediment load at the event scale in a Mediterranean watershed. The study area is the Carapelle torrent, Southern Italy (area = 506 km²), where continuous rainfall, streamflow and sediment load data are available. Nineteen flood events have been registered in the period 2007–2009 and were used for the application of the model. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model at the event scale, in a medium‐size watershed, given the specific conditions of the semi‐arid environments. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to assign the correct parameterization: the mean normalized output variation of the most meaningful input parameters pointed out the influence of the curve number on runoff, peak discharge and sediment load predictions (values greater than 1); the MN Manning's roughness coefficient and K, C and P factors of the universal soil loss equation showed a moderate influence on sediment load simulations (values between 0·5 and 1). The selection of the Soil Conservation Service synthetic storm types has been based on the observed storm events analysis to improve the peak discharge simulations. The model prediction has proved to be good for runoff (R² = 0·74, NSE = 0·75, W = 0·92) and peak discharge (R² = 0·85, NSE = 0·70, W = 0·94), and satisfactory for sediment yield (R² = 0·70, NSE = 0·63, W = 0·91). The relative error is lower for high events; this result is quite interesting in semi‐arid environments, where most of the annual sediment yield is concentrated in a few, severe events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

引水渠道口门泥沙淤积计算

引水渠是一种常见的河道分流形式，由于主河道与引水渠之间往往有一定的夹角，水流从分汊前主河道流入引水渠时必然在一定的范围内发生一定程度的弯曲，其结果是有利于较多较粗的泥沙分入引水渠，导致渠道口门产生较为严重的淤积现象，而渠道口门淤积问题是决定引水工程是否成败的主要因素之一，通过一维非恒定流水沙沙数学模型，研究了不同水沙条件下引江济汉工程引水渠道口门泥沙淤积厚度变化规律，并分析了糙率对口门淤积厚度的影响情况，模型的计算结果与水流运动规律相吻合，可以为渠道引水防沙设计提供技术支持。     

水泵泵盖断裂原因初探

介绍了佛山市供水泵站水泵泵盖突然断裂的经过。通过对泵盖材质化学成分的检验以及金相组织的检查，初步分析结果：泵盖断裂与材料的机械性能、材料疲劳程度、加工精度等有关。提出了瞬时过负荷可能是泵盖断裂的另一原因，但因证据不充分而无法判定。导致泵盖断裂的原因有待进一步研究。     

现役钢闸门结构最低可靠度标准的确定

针对现役钢闸门结构最低可靠度标准的确定问题，在综合分析国内外相关文献的基础上，提出了基于经验校准法的现役钢闸门结构最低可靠度标准设置的方法，并确定出了现役钢闸门结构最低可靠度限值：大型闸门为0.8βT；中型闸门为0．9βT；小型闸门为0．85βT，从而为现役闸门结构剩余使用寿命的预测莫定了基础。     

厌氧悬浮颗粒污泥床同时反硝化产甲烷研究

利用厌氧悬浮颗粒污泥床反应器，以自配水为基质，通过微生物的反硝化作用和产甲烷作用成功实现了在单级反应器中去除硝酸盐和水中有机质的目的。反应器开始接种的污泥是产甲烷颗粒污泥，通过不断提高进水中硝酸盐的浓度，使厌氧颗粒污泥逐渐适应水中的硝酸盐，反硝化剩余的有机碳源转化为甲烷气体。在硝酸盐负荷为0.75kgN03^- -N·m^-3d^-1和COD负荷为14.1kgCOD·m^-3d^-1的稳态下，硝酸盐和有机碳的去除率分别为99.5％和90.1％以上。对反应器产生的气体所进行的气体组成测试表明，加入的硝酸盐全部转化为氮气，这一结果表明发生了真正的反硝化反应。     

Main experiences on design and management of the Dujiangyan irrigation system

The largescale Dujiangyan Irrigation System has had a long history. Built some 2200 years ago, it still operates smoothly today. Two major causes for the obvious profits it has provided are:Firstly, Yuzui (a bifurcation pier), Feishayan (a sand outlet and spillway) and Baopingkou (a diversion intake for the general trunk canal), the three main head-works were built in accordance with the terrain and topography of the river and appropriately arranged, thus successfully solving the problem of sand discharge and flood control. Consequently the task of gravity diversion could be fulfilled over a long period.Secondly, there is a special management and maintenance system, which is made up of a technical and an administrative department. The former is in charge of the maintenance and drawing-up of flood control and water consuming plans. The latter is responsible to mobilize and organize farmers which benefit from the system to carry out related plans and tasks. The most apparent characteristics of management is that many farmers are organized to participate in the management of this irrigation system. At present, techniques like remote control and telemetery have been adopted. Also experiments on management automation and optimization of water allocation are being conducted.     

Passage of sediment through flumes and over weirs

This paper reports on laboratory research on the sediment passagecapability through long-throated flumes and broad-crested weirs withwhich the Froude number in the approach channel does not exceed 0.6over a distance of about 20 times the water depth upstream of thestructure. Design rules are given for any combination of flume or weirin combination with any channel.     

摆动式花生收获机整体载荷的试验与分析

从理论上建立了摆动式花生收获机的空间力系模型.在此基础上,围绕摆动式花生收获机的主要试验参数-传动速比、偏心距、栅条长度与前进速度的改变进行了摆动式花生收获机整体载荷的试验.试验证明:花生收获机在工作时所受载荷平衡,通过二次回归旋转组合试验测定整体载荷随4因素的变化规律是显著的,结合花生收获机的实际工作条件分析了回归方程的适用范围.本试验为摆动式花生收获机在功率消耗、力的平衡等方面的进一步改进提供了依据.